Abubuwa masu rikitarwa, kamar karuwar buƙatar makamashi a duniya, sauyin farashin mai da matsalolin yanayi, sun tura ƙasashe da yawa su aiwatar da tsarin canji na samar da makamashi da amfani da shi. Kamfanonin mai na ƙasashen duniya suna ƙoƙarin kasancewa a sahun gaba a masana'antar, amma hanyoyin canza ƙarancin carbon na kamfanonin mai daban-daban sun bambanta: Kamfanonin Turai suna haɓaka ƙarfin iska a ƙasashen waje, ƙarfin photovoltaic, hydrogen da sauran makamashin da ake sabuntawa, yayin da kamfanonin Amurka ke ƙara tsarin kamawa da adana carbon (CCS) da sauran fasahohin carbon mara kyau, kuma hanyoyi daban-daban daga ƙarshe za a canza su zuwa kuzari da ƙarfin canjin ƙarancin carbon. Tun daga shekarar 2022, manyan kamfanonin mai na ƙasashen duniya sun yi sabbin tsare-tsare bisa ga ƙaruwar yawan sayen kasuwanci mai ƙarancin carbon da ayyukan saka hannun jari kai tsaye a shekarar da ta gabata.
Samar da makamashin hydrogen ya zama abin da manyan kamfanonin mai na duniya suka amince da shi.
Ita ce muhimmiyar hanya kuma mai wahala wajen sauya makamashin sufuri, kuma man fetur mai tsafta da ƙarancin carbon ya zama mabuɗin sauya makamashi. A matsayin muhimmin wuri na fara sauya makamashin sufuri, kamfanonin mai na duniya suna da matuƙar daraja ga makamashin hydrogen.
A watan Janairun wannan shekarar, Kamfanin Total Energy ya sanar da cewa zai yi aiki tare da shahararrun kamfanonin makamashin da ake sabuntawa a duniya Masdar da Kamfanin Siemens Energy don haɓaka da samar da tashar gwajin hydrogen mai kore don samar da mai mai dorewa a Abu Dhabi, da kuma haɓaka yuwuwar kasuwanci na hydrogen mai kore a matsayin man fetur mai mahimmanci na decarbonization a nan gaba. A watan Maris, Kamfanin Total Energy ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da Kamfanin Daimler Trucks Co., Ltd. don haɓaka tsarin sufuri na muhalli don manyan motocin da ke amfani da hydrogen, da kuma haɓaka decarbonization na jigilar kaya a kan hanya a cikin Tarayyar Turai. Kamfanin yana shirin gudanar da tashoshin mai har zuwa 150 na hydrogen kai tsaye ko a kaikaice a Jamus, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg da Faransa nan da shekarar 2030.
Pan Yanlei, shugaban kamfanin Total Energy, ya ce kamfanin a shirye yake ya samar da iskar hydrogen mai kore a babban mataki, kuma hukumar gudanarwa tana son amfani da kudin da kamfanin ke samu don hanzarta dabarun iskar hydrogen mai kore. Duk da haka, idan aka yi la'akari da farashin wutar lantarki, ba za a mayar da hankali kan ci gaban ba a Turai.
Kamfanin Bp ya cimma yarjejeniya da Oman don ƙara yawan jarin da ake zubawa a Oman, haɓaka sabbin masana'antu da ƙwararrun fasaha, haɗa makamashin da ake sabuntawa da hydrogen mai kore bisa ga kasuwancin iskar gas, da kuma haɓaka burin Oman na ƙarancin iskar carbon. Kamfanin Bp zai kuma gina cibiyar samar da hydrogen ta birane a Aberdeen, Scotland, tare da gina cibiyar samar da hydrogen mai kore, adanawa da rarrabawa a matakai uku.
An fara samar da babban aikin samar da hydrogen mai kore a kamfanin Shell a kasar Sin. Wannan aikin yana daya daga cikin manyan na'urorin samar da hydrogen daga ruwan da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar lantarki a duniya, wanda ke samar da hydrogen mai kore ga motocin man fetur na hydrogen a Sashen Zhangjiakou a lokacin gasar Olympics ta hunturu ta Beijing ta 2022. Shell ta sanar da hadin gwiwa da GTT Faransa don hada kai wajen samar da fasahohin zamani wadanda za su iya samar da jigilar hydrogen mai ruwa-ruwa, gami da tsarin farko na jigilar hydrogen mai ruwa-ruwa. A cikin tsarin sauya makamashi, bukatar hydrogen za ta karu, kuma masana'antar jigilar kaya dole ne ta cimma babban jigilar hydrogen mai ruwa-ruwa, wanda hakan zai taimaka wajen kafa sarkar samar da man fetur mai gasa.
A Amurka, Chevron da Iwatani sun sanar da yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka da gina tashoshin mai na hydrogen guda 30 a California nan da shekarar 2026. ExxonMobil na shirin gina masana'antar hydrogen mai launin shuɗi a Baytown Refining and Chemical Complex a Texas, kuma a lokaci guda suna gina ɗaya daga cikin manyan ayyukan CCS a duniya.
Saudi Arabia da Kamfanin Man Fetur na Ƙasa na Thailand (PTT) sun haɗu don haɓaka filayen hydrogen masu launin shuɗi da kore da kuma haɓaka wasu ayyukan makamashi mai tsabta.
Manyan kamfanonin mai na ƙasashen duniya sun hanzarta haɓaka makamashin hydrogen, sun haɓaka makamashin hydrogen ya zama muhimmin fanni a cikin tsarin sauya makamashi, kuma yana iya kawo sabon zagaye na juyin juya halin makamashi.
Kamfanonin mai na Turai suna hanzarta tsarin samar da sabbin makamashi
Kamfanonin mai na Turai suna sha'awar haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi kamar su hydrogen, photovoltaic da kuma iska.
Gwamnatin Amurka ta sanya burin gina wutar lantarki mai karfin GW 30 a teku nan da shekarar 2030, wanda hakan ya jawo hankalin masu haɓaka, ciki har da manyan kamfanonin makamashi na Turai, don shiga cikin tayin. Kamfanin Total Energy ya lashe tayin aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin GW 3 a bakin tekun New Jersey, kuma yana shirin fara samarwa a shekarar 2028, kuma ya kafa wani kamfani na hadin gwiwa don samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin iska mai iyo a teku a babban mataki a Amurka. Kamfanin Bp ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniya da Kamfanin Man Fetur na Ƙasa na Norway don mayar da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Kudancin Brooklyn da ke New York zuwa cibiyar aiki da kula da masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta iska a teku.
A Scotland, Total Energy ta sami 'yancin haɓaka aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta iska ta teku mai ƙarfin 2 GW, wanda za a haɓaka tare da Green Investment Group (GIG) da Scottish Offshore Wind Power Developer (RIDG). Kuma bp EnBW ta lashe tayin aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta iska ta teku a gabashin gabar tekun Scotland. Tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi shine 2.9 GW, wanda ya isa ya samar da wutar lantarki mai tsabta ga gidaje sama da miliyan 3. Bp kuma tana shirin amfani da tsarin kasuwanci mai haɗaka don samar da wutar lantarki mai tsabta da gonakin iska ke samarwa ga hanyar sadarwar caji na motocin lantarki ta kamfanin a Scotland. Kamfanonin haɗin gwiwa guda biyu da Shell Scottish Power Company sun kuma sami lasisin haɓakawa guda biyu don ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki ta iska mai iyo a Scotland, tare da jimillar ƙarfin wutar lantarki na 5 GW.
A Asiya, bp za ta yi aiki tare da Marubeni, wani kamfanin samar da iska a teku na Japan, don shiga cikin tayin ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki ta iska a Japan, kuma za ta kafa wata tawagar samar da iska ta waje a Tokyo. Shell za ta tallata aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta iska mai karfin 1.3 GW a Koriya ta Kudu. Shell ta kuma sayi Springng Energy na Indiya ta hanyar kamfanin saka hannun jari na ketare, wanda ke daya daga cikin masu samar da makamashi ta iska da hasken rana da ke bunkasa cikin sauri a Indiya. Shell ta ce wannan babban sayen ya karfafa ta ta zama jagora a fannin samar da makamashi mai cikakken sauyi.
A Ostiraliya, Shell ta sanar a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu cewa ta kammala sayen kamfanin samar da makamashi na Ostiraliya Powershop, wanda ya fadada jarin sa a fannin kadarorin da ba su da sinadarin carbon da kuma sinadarin carbon mai ƙarancin sinadarin carbon a Ostiraliya. A cewar rahoton kwata na farko na 2022, Shell ta kuma sami kashi 49% na hannun jari a cikin kamfanin samar da wutar lantarki na Zephyr Energy na ƙasar Ostiraliya, kuma tana shirin kafa kasuwancin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin sinadarin carbon a Ostiraliya.
A fannin makamashin hasken rana, Total Energy ta sayi SunPower, wani kamfanin Amurka, kan dala miliyan 250 don fadada kasuwancin samar da wutar lantarki da aka rarraba a Amurka. Bugu da ƙari, Total ta kafa haɗin gwiwa da Kamfanin Man Fetur na Nippon don faɗaɗa kasuwancin samar da wutar lantarki da aka rarraba a rana a Asiya.
Kamfanin Lightsource bp, wanda haɗin gwiwa ne da kamfanin BP, yana fatan kammala wani babban aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana mai ƙarfin 1GW a Faransa nan da shekarar 2026 ta hannun reshensa. Kamfanin zai kuma yi aiki tare da Contact Energy, ɗaya daga cikin manyan kamfanonin samar da wutar lantarki na jama'a a New Zealand, kan wasu ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki ta hasken rana a New Zealand.
Manufar Net Zero Fitarwa Tana Haɓaka Ci gaban Fasaha ta CCUS/CCS
Ba kamar kamfanonin mai na Turai ba, kamfanonin mai na Amurka sun fi mai da hankali kan kamawa da adana carbon (CCUS) ba tare da la'akari da makamashin da ake sabuntawa ba kamar makamashin rana da samar da wutar lantarki ta iska.
A farkon shekarar, ExxonMobil ta yi alƙawarin rage fitar da hayakin carbon da ke cikin kasuwancinta na duniya zuwa sifili nan da shekarar 2050, kuma tana shirin kashe jimillar dala biliyan 15 kan jarin canza makamashi mai amfani da hasken rana a cikin shekaru shida masu zuwa. A cikin kwata na farko, ExxonMobil ta cimma matsaya ta ƙarshe kan saka hannun jari. An kiyasta cewa za ta zuba jarin dala miliyan 400 don faɗaɗa cibiyar kama carbon da ke Labaki, Wyoming, wanda zai ƙara ƙarin tan miliyan 1.2 ga ƙarfin kama carbon da ake da shi a kowace shekara na kusan tan miliyan 7.
Chevron ya zuba jari a fannin Carbon Clean, wani kamfani da ke mai da hankali kan fasahar CCUS, sannan ya yi aiki tare da Gidauniyar Maido da Duniya don haɓaka kadada 8,800 na dazuzzukan nutsewar carbon a Louisiana a matsayin aikin farko na rage gurɓatar carbon. Chevron ya kuma shiga Cibiyar Kare Maritime ta Duniya (GCMD), kuma ya yi aiki kafada da kafada a nan gaba a fannin fasahar kama mai da carbon don haɓaka masana'antar jigilar kaya don cimma burin sifili. A watan Mayu, Chevron ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna da Kamfanin Tallas Energy don kafa haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka ——Bayou Bend CCS, wata cibiyar CCS ta bakin teku a Texas.
Kwanan nan, Chevron da ExxonMobil sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyi da kamfanin mai na ƙasar Indonesia (Pertamina) don gano damarmakin kasuwanci marasa ƙarancin sinadarin carbon a Indonesia.
Gwajin masana'antu na 3D na Total Energy ya nuna sabon tsarin kama carbon dioxide daga ayyukan masana'antu. Wannan aikin da aka yi a Dunkirk yana da nufin tabbatar da hanyoyin magance matsalar kama carbon da za a iya sake samarwa kuma muhimmin mataki ne na rage gurbatar iska.
CCUS tana ɗaya daga cikin manyan fasahohin da ake amfani da su wajen magance sauyin yanayi a duniya kuma muhimmin ɓangare ne na hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi a duniya. Ƙasashe a duk faɗin duniya suna amfani da wannan fasaha ta zamani don ƙirƙirar damammaki don haɓaka tattalin arzikin makamashi na zamani.
Bugu da ƙari, a shekarar 2022, Total Energy ta yi ƙoƙari kan man fetur mai dorewa na jiragen sama (SAF), kuma dandalinta na Normandy ya fara samar da SAF cikin nasara. Kamfanin kuma yana haɗin gwiwa da Kamfanin Man Fetur na Nippon don samar da SAF.
A matsayin wata muhimmiyar hanyar sauya yanayin makamashi mai ƙarancin carbon ta hanyar sayen kamfanonin mai na ƙasashen duniya, Total ta ƙara ƙarfin makamashi mai sabuntawa 4 GW ta hanyar sayen American Core Solar. Chevron ta sanar da cewa za ta sayi REG, wata ƙungiyar makamashi mai sabuntawa, akan dala biliyan 3.15, wanda hakan ya sanya ta zama babbar hanyar samun makamashin madadin.
Yanayin da duniya ke ciki mai sarkakiya da kuma yanayin annoba bai hana saurin sauya makamashi na manyan kamfanonin mai na duniya ba. "Batun Canjin Makamashi na Duniya na 2022" ya ruwaito cewa sauyin makamashi na duniya ya samu ci gaba. Ganin damuwar al'umma, masu hannun jari, da sauransu da kuma karuwar ribar saka hannun jari a sabbin makamashi, sauyin makamashi na manyan kamfanonin mai na duniya yana ci gaba da bunkasa a hankali yayin da yake tabbatar da tsaron makamashi da albarkatun kasa na dogon lokaci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Yuli-04-2022