Abubuwa masu sarkakiya, kamar haɓakar buƙatun makamashi a duniya, hauhawar farashin mai da matsalolin yanayi, sun sa ƙasashe da dama su aiwatar da aikin sauyi na samar da makamashi da amfani da su.Kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa sun yi ta kokarin ganin sun kasance a sahun gaba a masana'antar, amma hanyoyi daban-daban na kamfanonin mai na canza launin carbon sun bambanta: Kamfanonin Turai suna haɓaka ƙarfin iska mai ƙarfi a cikin teku, photovoltaic, hydrogen da sauran makamashin da ake sabuntawa, yayin da kamfanonin Amurka ke haɓaka. Tsarin kamawa da adana carbon (CCS) da sauran fasahohin carbon mara kyau, da kuma hanyoyi daban-daban daga ƙarshe za a rikiɗa su zama ƙarfi da ƙarfi na canjin ƙarancin carbon.Tun daga shekara ta 2022, manyan kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa sun yi sabbin tsare-tsare a bisa gagarumin karuwar saye-sayen kasuwancin da ke da karancin iskar Carbon da ayyukan saka hannun jari kai tsaye a shekarar da ta gabata.
Haɓaka makamashin hydrogen ya zama haɗin kai na manyan kamfanonin mai na duniya.
Yana da maɓalli kuma yanki mai wahala na canjin makamashi na sufuri, kuma mai tsabta da ƙarancin iskar gas ya zama mabuɗin canjin makamashi.A matsayin muhimmin wurin farawa na canjin sufuri, makamashin hydrogen yana da daraja sosai daga kamfanonin mai na duniya.
A watan Janairu na wannan shekara, Total Energy ya ba da sanarwar cewa, za ta yi aiki tare da shahararrun kamfanonin makamashi masu sabuntawa na duniya Masdar da Siemens Energy Company don haɓakawa da samar da wani koren nunin hydrogen don samar da mai mai dorewa a Abu Dhabi, da haɓaka yuwuwar kasuwanci na koren hydrogen. a zama dole decarbonization man fetur a nan gaba.A cikin Maris, Total Energy ya sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da Daimler Trucks Co., Ltd. don haɓaka tsarin jigilar mahalli don manyan manyan motocin da ake amfani da su ta hanyar hydrogen, da haɓaka ƙaddamar da jigilar jigilar kayayyaki a cikin EU.Kamfanin yana shirin yin aiki har zuwa tashoshi 150 na mai da hydrogen kai tsaye ko a kaikaice a Jamus, Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg da Faransa nan da shekarar 2030.
Pan Yanlei, shugaban kamfanin Total Energy, ya bayyana cewa, kamfanin a shirye yake ya kera koren hydrogen a babban sikeli, kuma hukumar gudanarwar na son yin amfani da kudaden da kamfanin ke samu don kara habaka dabarun samar da iskar hydrogen.Duk da haka, la'akari da farashin wutar lantarki, ba za a mayar da hankali ga ci gaba a Turai ba.
Kamfanin Bp ya cimma yarjejeniya da Oman don kara yawan jari a Oman, noma sabbin masana'antu da hazaka na fasaha, hada makamashin da ake iya sabuntawa da koren hydrogen bisa tsarin kasuwancin iskar gas, da inganta burin Oman mai karancin makamashi.Har ila yau, Bp za ta gina cibiyar hydrogen a birnin Aberdeen, na Scotland, da kuma gina hanyar samar da hydrogen da za a iya faɗaɗawa, adanawa da rarrabawa a cikin matakai uku.
An samar da aikin samar da hydrogen mafi girma na Shell a kasar Sin.Wannan aikin yana daya daga cikin manyan na'urorin samar da iskar hydrogen daga ruwa mai amfani da wutar lantarki a duniya, wanda ke samar da koren hydrogen ga motocin makamashin hydrogen a sashen Zhangjiakou a lokacin wasannin Olympics na lokacin sanyi na shekarar 2022 na Beijing.Shell ya ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa tare da GTT Faransa don haɓaka sabbin fasahohin da za su iya fahimtar jigilar hydrogen ruwa, gami da ƙirar farko na jigilar hydrogen ruwa.A cikin aiwatar da canjin makamashi, buƙatun hydrogen za su ƙaru, kuma dole ne masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki ta fahimci babban jigilar jigilar ruwa na hydrogen, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga kafa sarkar samar da mai ta hydrogen.
A Amurka, Chevron da Iwatani sun ba da sanarwar haɗin gwiwa don haɓakawa da gina tashoshin samar da iskar hydrogen guda 30 a California nan da shekara ta 2026. Kamfanin ExxonMobil na shirin gina wata masana'anta mai launin ruwan hydrogen a Baytown Refining da Chemical Complex a Texas, kuma a lokaci guda za ta gina ɗayan. manyan ayyukan CCS a duniya.
Saudi Arabiya da Hukumar Kula da Man Fetur ta Thailand (PTT) sun haɗu don haɓaka zuwa filayen hydrogen shuɗi da koren hydrogen da ƙara haɓaka sauran ayyukan makamashi mai tsafta.
Manyan kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa sun hanzarta samar da makamashin hydrogen, da inganta makamashin hydrogen ya zama wani muhimmin fanni a cikin aiwatar da canjin makamashi, kuma yana iya kawo wani sabon zagaye na juyin juya halin makamashi.
Kamfanonin mai na Turai suna hanzarta tsara sabbin samar da makamashi
Kamfanonin mai na Turai suna da sha'awar haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashi kamar hydrogen, photovoltaic da wutar lantarki.
Gwamnatin Amurka ta tsara manufar gina wutar lantarki mai karfin GW 30 a cikin teku nan da shekarar 2030, wanda zai jawo hankalin masu haɓaka ciki har da manyan masu samar da makamashi na Turai don shiga cikin shirin.Kamfanin Total Energy ya samu nasarar aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin iska mai karfin 3 GW a gabar tekun New Jersey, kuma yana shirin fara samar da shi a shekarar 2028, kuma ya kafa wani kamfani na hadin gwiwa don bunkasa wutar lantarki da ke shawagi a teku a babban sikeli a Amurka.Bp ya rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya da Kamfanin Mai na Kasar Norway don canza tashar jirgin ruwa ta Kudancin Brooklyn a New York zuwa cibiyar aiki da kula da masana'antar samar da wutar lantarki ta teku.
A Scotland, Total Energy ya sami 'yancin haɓaka aikin samar da wutar lantarki a teku tare da ƙarfin 2 GW, wanda za a haɓaka tare da Green Investment Group (GIG) da Scottish Offshore Wind Power Developer (RIDG).Kuma bp EnBW ya kuma sami nasarar neman aikin samar da wutar lantarki a teku a gabar tekun gabashin Scotland.Wutar da aka yi niyyar girka shine 2.9 GW, wanda ya isa ya samar da tsaftataccen wutar lantarki ga gidaje sama da miliyan uku.Har ila yau, Bp yana shirin yin amfani da tsarin kasuwanci mai haɗaka don samar da wutar lantarki mai tsafta da ake samarwa daga iskar gas zuwa cibiyar cajin motocin lantarki na kamfanin a Scotland.Kamfanonin biyu na hadin gwiwa tare da Kamfanin Lantarki na Shell Scottish sun kuma sami lasisin ci gaba guda biyu don ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki a Scotland, tare da karfin 5 GW.
A Asiya, bp zai ba da haɗin kai tare da Marubeni, ɗan ƙasar Japan mai haɓaka iska a teku, don shiga cikin neman ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki a Japan, kuma za ta kafa ƙungiyar haɓaka iska ta cikin teku a Tokyo.Kamfanin Shell zai inganta aikin samar da wutar lantarki mai karfin GW 1.3 a tekun Koriya ta Kudu.Shell ya kuma mallaki Sprng Energy na Indiya ta hannun kamfanin sa hannun jari na ketare gabaɗaya, wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin masu haɓaka iska da makamashin hasken rana da kuma masu gudanar da ayyukanta cikin sauri a Indiya.Shell ya ce wannan babban saye da aka samu ya sa ta zama majagaba wajen samar da cikakken canjin makamashi.
A Ostiraliya, Shell ya sanar a ranar 1 ga Fabrairu cewa ya kammala siyan dillalan makamashi na Ostiraliya Powershop, wanda ya fadada hannun jarinsa a cikin sifili-carbon da ƙananan kadarori da fasaha a Australia.Dangane da rahoton kwata na farko na 2022, Shell ya kuma sami hannun jarin kashi 49% na mai samar da iskar iska ta Australiya Zephyr Energy, kuma yana shirin kafa kasuwancin samar da wutar lantarki mai ƙarancin carbon a Australia.
A fannin makamashin hasken rana, Total Energy ya samu kamfanin SunPower na Amurka kan dalar Amurka miliyan 250 don fadada kasuwancinsa na samar da wutar lantarki a Amurka.Bugu da kari, Total ta kafa hadin gwiwa tare da Kamfanin mai na Nippon don fadada kasuwancin samar da wutar lantarki da ake rarraba hasken rana a Asiya.
Lightsource bp, haɗin gwiwar BP, yana fatan kammala wani babban aikin makamashin hasken rana na 1 GW a Faransa nan da 2026 ta hanyar reshensa.Har ila yau, kamfanin zai yi aiki tare da Contact Energy, daya daga cikin manyan abubuwan amfani da jama'a a New Zealand, kan yawan ayyukan wutar lantarki a New Zealand.
Net Zero Emission Target Yana Haɓaka Ci gaban Fasahar CCUS/CCS
Ba kamar kamfanonin mai na Turai ba, kamfanonin mai na Amurka sun fi mayar da hankali kan kama carbon, amfani da ajiya (CCUS) da ƙasa da makamashi mai sabuntawa kamar makamashin hasken rana da samar da wutar lantarki.
A farkon wannan shekara, kamfanin na ExxonMobil ya yi alkawarin rage fitar da iskar Carbon da kasuwancinta na duniya ke fitarwa zuwa sifiri nan da shekarar 2050, kuma tana shirin kashe jimillar dala biliyan 15 kan zuba jarin canjin makamashin koren a cikin shekaru shida masu zuwa.A cikin kwata na farko, ExxonMobil ya kai ga yanke shawarar saka hannun jari na ƙarshe.An yi kiyasin cewa za ta zuba jarin dalar Amurka miliyan 400 don fadada wurin kamo iskar Carbon a Labaki, Wyoming, wanda zai kara da wani tan miliyan 1.2 ga karfin kamun iskar carbon da ake yi a duk shekara na kusan tan miliyan 7.
Chevron ya saka hannun jari a Carbon Clean, kamfani da ke mai da hankali kan fasahar CCUS, sannan kuma ya ba da haɗin kai tare da Gidauniyar Maido da Duniya don haɓaka kadada 8,800 na gandun dajin iskar carbon a Louisiana a matsayin farkon aikin kashe carbon.Har ila yau, Chevron ya shiga Cibiyar Decarburization ta Maritime ta Duniya (GCMD), kuma ya yi aiki kafada da kafada a nan gaba mai da fasahar kama carbon don inganta masana'antar jigilar kayayyaki don cimma burin sifiri.A watan Mayu, Chevron ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar fahimtar juna tare da Tallas Energy Company don kafa haɗin gwiwa don haɓaka --Bayou Bend CCS, cibiyar CCS ta teku a Texas.
Kwanan nan, Chevron da ExxonMobil sun rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyoyin da kamfanin mai na kasar Indonesiya (Pertamina) don nemo damar kasuwanci mai karancin carbon a Indonesia.
Jimlar gwajin masana'antu na 3D na makamashi yana nuna sabon tsarin ɗaukar carbon dioxide daga ayyukan masana'antu.Wannan aikin a Dunkirk yana da nufin tabbatar da hanyoyin fasahar kama carbon da za a iya sake yin su kuma muhimmin mataki ne na lalata carbon.
CCUS na ɗaya daga cikin manyan fasahohin da za a magance sauyin yanayi na duniya da kuma muhimmin sashi na hanyoyin magance sauyin yanayi na duniya.Kasashe a duk faɗin duniya suna yin amfani da sabbin fasahohin don samar da damammaki don bunƙasa sabon tattalin arzikin makamashi.
Bugu da kari, a cikin 2022, Total Energy ya kuma yi ƙoƙari kan man fetur mai dorewa (SAF), kuma dandalin Normandy ya samu nasarar fara samar da SAF.Har ila yau, kamfanin yana haɗin gwiwa tare da Kamfanin Mai na Nippon don samar da SAF.
A matsayin muhimmiyar hanyar sauyin ƙananan carbon ta hanyar samun kamfanonin mai na ƙasa da ƙasa, Total ya ƙara 4 GW na ƙarfin sabuntawa ta hanyar samun American Core Solar.Chevron ya sanar da cewa zai sayi REG, kungiyar makamashi mai sabuntawa, kan dala biliyan 3.15, wanda zai zama mafi girman fare kan madadin makamashi zuwa yanzu.
Halin da ake ciki na rikice-rikice na kasa da kasa da yanayin annoba ba su dakatar da saurin canjin makamashi na manyan kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa ba."Maganin Canjin Makamashi na Duniya na 2022" ya ba da rahoton cewa canjin makamashin duniya ya sami ci gaba.Dangane da damuwar al'umma, masu hannun jari, da dai sauransu, da samun karuwar zuba jari a sabbin makamashi, canjin makamashi na manyan kamfanonin mai na kasa da kasa na ci gaba da samun ci gaba tare da tabbatar da tsaron makamashi da albarkatun kasa na dogon lokaci.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-04-2022